Categorization into types is known as typology.
The analysis and categorization of types is called typology . Types, on the other hand, are classes, models or examples of something. Typology, in this way, is used in different sciences for explanatory or expository purposes.
Through typology, it is possible to distinguish elements and group them according to their characteristics. Anthropology , for example, used to divide human beings into racial types, although this classification has lost validity and validity due to the development of new currents.
Typology in psychology, museums and archeology
In psychology , typology is usually applied to classify people according to the characteristics of their behavior or the particularities of their emotions. Medicine , in a broader sense, uses typology when referring to the morphology of people.
If we focus on museums , the typology appears to group institutions according to the characteristics of their collections. Thus one can differentiate between archaeological museums, natural science museums, history museums, art museums, etc.
Archaeology , for its part, developed lithic typology to analyze, interpret and classify stone tools. This allows links to be established between artifacts by studying their components, their functions and other characteristics.
The typology allows elements to be grouped according to their characteristics.
Other uses of the concept
In programming, not only are different types of languages recognized (minimally, low-level and high-level ) but also within the structure of a program it is necessary to establish several types of data to manipulate them appropriately ( text, numeric, boolean , etc).
Sociology and architecture and theology are other sciences that use typology to classify elements.
Linguistic typology and syntactic typology
Linguistic typology , on the other hand, classifies languages according to their grammatical similarities and differences. The typology can be morphological or syntactic, depending on the internal structure or organization of the constituents. This concept is different from that of language genetics , which attempts to classify languages according to the elements that two or more of the same language have inherited; While in that case we speak of a linguistic family to refer to a class, the typology recognizes types of languages.
The syntactic typology focuses on the order of the constituents of the sentence, generally taking the verb as a base and studying the relationship that exists between it and the others, as well as the order of the nouns and their complements. In this case, we can recognize six possible combinations between the subject , the verb and the object , and each of them is represented by the relevant acronym (for example: SVO , SOV , etc.).
Regarding the order of the noun and its complements , we can recognize the following three cases:
* relative of the adjective : the noun can precede the adjective or be given the opposite order. In some languages , like ours, it is difficult to resolve this typology, since certain adjectives tend to appear before the noun, while others after, and there are even some whose meanings change depending on the position in which they are found;
* relative of the determiners : as in the previous case, there are two possibilities regarding the order of the subject and the determiner . Certain languages recognize a basic order for each type, which is why they force the speaker to distinguish between possessives, demonstratives or articles, among others;
* of other nominal complements : it is usually taken into account whether the one that fulfills the genitive function is before or after the name.
The morphological structure
On the other hand, there is the morphological typology , which refers to the structure of the terms.
In this context, many types of languages are recognized, depending on the composition of words with more than one morpheme, whether they arise by composition, inflection or derivation, or whether they include a root or can bring together a high number of morphemes to build words with a large number of functions.