Adaptation is the act and result of adapting or adapting : adjusting a thing to something. Readaptation, therefore, involves re-accommodating or adapting .
Social rehabilitation is often spoken of to refer to the process that must be carried out by people who, for having committed a crime, were separated from the community and imprisoned in a prison. This readaptation involves providing these individuals with the values and knowledge necessary to integrate back into society .
In Argentina , for example, there is the National Directorate of Social Readaptation . Its purpose is to ensure that those who leave a federal prison respect and understand the rules and laws so that they can live harmoniously and peacefully with the rest of the people.
This organization aimed at promoting social rehabilitation works through interventions in penitentiary units and monitoring those released. When readaptation to life in society is successful, the risks of recidivism in crime are reduced.
There is a clear difference between reintegration and readaptation in this framework: while the former is a process that aims to return the individual to life in freedom , the latter "changes" him before releasing him. Reintegration serves so that the subject can return to live normally in society, with a job and with the respect of others, without carrying the stigma of having been in prison ; Although it also includes awareness of one's mistakes, it differs from rehabilitation in that the latter treats one as a sick person who must be cured before being released from prison.
This sparks numerous debates among legal experts, particularly because it touches closely on people's rights . In any case, it is important to highlight that this difference cannot always be seen so clearly, because in each country these terms can acquire different nuances, to the point of referring to practically equivalent processes.
Functional readaptation , meanwhile, is carried out for the recovery of a subject's motor functions after an injury . If the injured person is an athlete, reference is usually made to sports rehabilitation : the possibility of repairing the abilities to resume training and compete.
At a general level, physical rehabilitation aims to ensure that someone once again has the same possibilities of movement and action that they had prior to an injury. The notion of rehabilitation usually focuses on the damage to the structure and the recovery of the affected region, while the idea of readaptation is associated with the functionality of the person and all aspects of their daily life, whether they practice a sport or not.
Broadly speaking, the following two objectives can be distinguished: qualitative work and capacitive work. The first focuses on improving movement patterns in general and those specific to the activities that the person performs, whether sports or even their basic motor functions. In short, it seeks to repair your body to return it to the state it had before the injury, returning your quality of life.
The other, as its name indicates, aims to enhance the person's capabilities, both athletic and physical in general. We must not forget that functional rehabilitation does not focus solely on getting the patient back to how they were before, but rather aims to improve the functioning of their body, so that after treatment they are stronger and better prepared to minimize the chances of suffer a similar injury.