Polarization is the process and effect of polarizing.
Polarization is the procedure and result of polarizing . This verb can refer to the alteration of luminosity through reflection or refraction; to the contribution of a certain voltage to an electronic device; to the decrease in the electric current of a battery due to an increase in resistance; or, in a broader sense, to the emergence of two senses or directions that are opposite.
Electromagnetic polarization occurs when light or other similar waves oscillate in a certain plane, defined by a vector perpendicular to the diffusion of the wave and by another parallel.
Classical electromagnetism defines electrical polarization as the vector field that represents the density of induced or permanent electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. It is worth mentioning that this concept is also known as polarization density or simply as polarization . It is one of the three macroscopic electric fields that provide a description of the behavior of materials, complementing the electric displacement D and the electric field E.
Electrochemical polarization and chemical polarization
Electrochemical polarization , for its part, is the process that consists of reducing the electromotive force of a battery based on the changes that its operation generates in the electrolytes and electrodes.
The relative tendency of charge distributions such as the electronic cloud of a molecule or an atom to be distorted from their normal state due to an external electric field is known as chemical polarization or polarizability , which can occur due to the existence of a dipole or a nearby ion. This phenomenon is defined as a scalar quantity (a type of physical magnitude that is simply represented by a number that is always observed as the same value).
Electronic type displacement
Electronic polarization , which describes the displacement of charges when they encounter an external electric field and which generates the loss of its symmetry, a reorientation of the atom that leads to a slight distortion, can be described in three ways:
* uniform dielectric model : determines that the permanent models and the charges have a mutual interaction and that they are immersed in a medium with a single dielectric constant . The value of the constant in the case of dielectric organic liquids, both polar and non-polar, is close to 2;
* induced dipole model : establishes that the medium is a dielectric in which one or more atoms form dipoles characterized by having a dipole moment with isotropic and linear behavior with the total field. The latter, in turn, is made up of the external field and that produced by the dipoles, in a direct relationship with its dipole moment;
* model of local dielectric constants : defines polarizable bodies made up of groups of atoms, each with a different dielectric constant and not relating much, ignoring the response of infinitesimal dipoles and the dielectric constant.
In politics, polarization appears when the population is divided into antagonistic positions.
Polarization in politics
In the context of politics , we speak of polarization when the population seems to be divided between opposing positions. There is no middle ground or meeting place between the various opinions, which seem irreconcilable. For example: "I am concerned about the polarization of our society" , "It has been years since the country was as polarized as it is now" , "The polarization of the nation was reflected in the election, where the two most important forces were around 50% of the votes .
Polarization is risky since it is usually linked to a lack of moderation and the absence of dialogue . Each position ignores the validity of the other, which can lead to situations of violence and different types of confrontation.