Penalization is the act and consequence of penalizing . This verb ( penalize ), for its part, refers to applying a penalty or punishment . A verb of which, in addition, it must be emphasized that it has its etymological origin in Latin. And it was formed with two components of that language: the noun "poena", which can be translated as "punishment" or "fine", and also "-izare", which is used to indicate "to become".
Among the words that can function as synonyms for penalty we can highlight, in addition to those already mentioned, both punishment and condemnation, sanction or fine, for example.
In the field of sport , when a player violates the regulations of his discipline he receives a penalty. The judge or referee who is in charge of controlling the development of the game is authorized to interrupt the actions and apply the punishment corresponding to the foul.
Take the case of football . Field players may not touch the ball with their hands, as this is a violation of the rules. Therefore, if a footballer commits this foul, the referee applies a penalty that consists of awarding a free kick to the rival team. Furthermore, the offender, depending on the circumstances, may be punished with a yellow card or red card .
Suppose that a defender, to prevent the opponent from scoring a goal , stops the ball with his left hand before it enters the goal. Since this player was located inside his team's area, the judge charges a penalty kick , also known simply as a penalty or penalty kick .
In motorsport and motorcycle racing, meanwhile, penalties for drivers who do not respect the rules usually include the addition of seconds to their time or the obligation to stop for a certain period of time.
Businesses, on the other hand, can be penalized in different ways. If a city prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages after 9 p.m. and a market violates the rule, the establishment in question is subject to a penalty.
In the same way, it must be established that contracts can include what is called a penalty for permanence. Specifically, it establishes that one of the parties may have to compensate the other party if the other party makes the decision to put an end to the aforementioned contract in advance.
Also in this labor area we have to highlight that the Government of Spain has announced that it plans to impose a penalty on those companies that fire their workers on weekends or during holidays. And there are companies that carry out this action with the clear purpose of avoiding paying both the corresponding salaries and Social Security contributions. An action that is considered to be an abuse that is committed with what are temporary contracts.
In the Internet field there is what is known as a Google penalty. This consists of a "demotion" of a certain domain or web space in Google search engines and positioning. It is carried out when said domain lacks quality or if it fails to comply with other standards included in the guidelines for Webmasters of that company.