An urban garden allows you to grow plants and vegetables in the city.
An urban garden is a space for growing plants and vegetables located in an urban area. In this framework we can find cultivation on terraces, gardens on balconies, community gardening and gardens in public spaces. This allows city dwellers to grow organic food independently, promoting sustainability and resource management, and enhancing their connection with nature. In addition, it contributes to biodiversity in the city, environmental education and the social and mental well-being of the community.
Types of urban garden
Community gardens
Shared spaces, community gardening networks, where neighbors organize to grow together. They promote social cohesion, allow the exchange of knowledge and experiences, and are usually managed by local associations or groups.
School gardens
Installed in schools, where students and teachers participate in the cultivation of vegetables and plants. They promote environmental education, teach children about where food comes from, and encourage healthy eating habits.
Rooftop gardens
They are found on the roofs of buildings, taking advantage of the space available at heights. They help reduce urban temperatures, improve air quality, and can provide fresh food to building residents.
Orchards or vertical gardens
They use vertical structures to grow plants, ideal for small spaces. Among its benefits we can mention: maximization of space; They can be installed on balconies or walls; They are an excellent option for urban agriculture in densely populated areas.
guerrilla farming
Gardens created informally on vacant land or abandoned areas without the owner's permission. They beautify neglected areas, raise awareness about the importance of green spaces and promote community action.
urban hydroponics
They use soilless growing techniques, such as using mineral solutions in water ( hydroponics ) or combined plant growing and fish farming systems (aquaponics). They are efficient in the use of water, can be installed indoors and allow precise control of nutrients.
An often ignored function of the urban garden is the beautification of the city.
Agriculture and ecology practices
precision agriculture
It applies advanced technologies such as sensors, drones and data analysis to optimize the cultivation of plants in urban gardens. These techniques allow for more efficient use of water, fertilizers and other resources, increasing productivity and reducing environmental impact. In the context of urban gardens, precision agriculture can help maximize production in limited spaces and improve crop sustainability.
Sustainable agriculture
It focuses on agricultural practices that preserve natural resources, minimize environmental impact, and promote biodiversity . In urban gardens, this includes using organic compost, natural fertilizers, collecting rainwater, and implementing non-soil-depleting growing techniques, such as seasonal crops . Sustainable agriculture in urban gardens contributes to the resilience of cities and provides fresh, healthy food to the community.
Agroecology
Integrates ecological principles in the design and management of agricultural systems, promoting a harmonious relationship between agriculture and the environment. In urban gardens, agroecology is manifested in the creation of green spaces that promote biodiversity, the use of native plants and the implementation of natural methods of biological pest control. It seeks not only the production of food, but also the regeneration of urban ecosystems.
Urban ecological restoration
Rehabilitation of degraded urban spaces to improve biodiversity and environmental quality. Urban gardens can be part of ecological restoration projects, helping to reintroduce local vegetation and fauna.
Organic gardening certifications
They guarantee that urban gardens comply with sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, such as the use of organic products and efficient water management. They can increase credibility and support for urban gardens.
Organic seeds
They are produced without the use of chemical pesticides or synthetic fertilizers, promoting biodiversity and soil health. Using organic seeds in urban gardens guarantees healthier and more sustainable crops.
Ecological activism
It includes campaigns and movements that promote the creation, pruning and maintenance of urban gardens, educating the community about the importance of urban agriculture and lobbying for policies that favor its development.
Part of the success of an urban garden lies in choosing the right crop for our possibilities.
Planning and design
The planning and design of urban gardens is essential to maximize their efficiency, sustainability and community benefits. Below we address some of the key aspects to consider.
Location selection
- Accessibility and visibility : Urban gardens should be located in areas that are easily accessible to participants. Visibility is also important to encourage community participation and support;
- Sun exposure : It is crucial to select a site that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day , as most crops need it to grow properly;
- Soil and water quality : The soil must be fertile and free of contaminants. In urban areas, it may be necessary to perform soil testing and, if necessary, use raised beds with imported soil. Access to a reliable water source is also essential for irrigation .
Space organization
- Urban space policies : it is important to know and respect local policies on the use of urban land. Obtaining permits and collaborating with local authorities can facilitate the development and sustainability of the garden;
- Small Space Gardening – In urban areas, space may be limited. Techniques such as vertical gardening , potting and raised beds can be used to maximize the use of available space. Rooftops and balconies can also be used to create gardens in non-traditional spaces.
Gardening and climate change
To address climate change we must take measures such as:
- Selecting resilient crops : Choosing crops that are resistant to extreme weather conditions, such as drought or heavy rain, can improve the orchard's resilience to climate change;
- Sustainable practices : implementing practices such as composting, rainwater harvesting, recycling and use of waste is essential for reducing the garden's carbon footprint and adapting to climate variations.
Solar energy in gardening
- Use of renewable energy – Installing solar panels can provide power for automated irrigation systems, lighting, and other orchard needs, reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources;
- Sustainable technology – Incorporating technologies such as soil moisture sensors and solar-controlled irrigation systems can increase the efficiency of water and energy use.
Selection of suitable crops
- Adaptation to local climate : Selecting crops that adapt well to the local climate is crucial to the success of the urban garden. This includes considering the season, average temperatures and rainfall conditions;
- Crop diversity – Growing a variety of plants not only improves biodiversity but also reduces the risk of pests and diseases. Additionally, greater diversity can provide a wider range of fresh foods for the community .