The Greek word scholastikós came into late Latin as scholastĭcus , which led to medieval Latin scholasticus . The concept was linked to the school : therefore, the term scholasticism can currently be used to refer to medieval schools .
The concept also alludes to scholasticism , a philosophy of the Middle Ages centered on the doctrines developed by Aristotle . Scholasticism appears in Christianity, Judaism, and other religions .
Scholasticism, in this sense, is a philosophical and theological current that had great preponderance in medieval thought, focusing on the integration of reason and faith (although giving preponderance to faith). This movement allowed the consolidation of large religious systems, minimizing conflicts with the philosophical traditions of antiquity.
It is important to mention that, for scholasticism, thoughts had to be subject to the principle of authority . In this way their arguments depended on the authorities, moving away from the empirical and the scientific method . That is why it is said that scholasticism developed within rigid structures.
For Christianity, scholasticism was very important to advance the understanding of the mystery that faith reveals. According to this position, truths derived from experience are accessible through reason while, in those revealed by faith, philosophy must be subordinated to theology. Scholastic theology , in this framework, starts from revealed truths and infers its conclusions according to the method of the scholastic current.
Within the aforementioned scholastic philosophy we can establish that three differentiated positions emerge based on what the dialectic between faith and reason is. Specifically, it must be indicated that these are the following:
-The dialecticians. In this group are those who consider that reason should be responsible for analyzing and demonstrating what faith is. Within this position there are philosophers and thinkers of the stature of Berengar of Tours or Juan Scotus, among others.
-Anti-dialectical people are those who make it clear that faith is the only source of wisdom. Furthermore, they indicate that dialecticians acquire a position that is simply an overvaluation of the human capacity for reason.
-Those who supported the ideas of Gerberto de Aurillac. This position is considered to be halfway between dialectical and anti-dialectical. Precisely for this reason, it is established that both faith and reason are different faculties, but both have in common that they are destined to proceed to converge in what is the truth. This group comes, to a certain extent, to continue the line of Saint Thomas.
The principles that allow defining the rigid posture of a school are called scholasticism.
In the same way, we cannot ignore that Escolástica is also a woman's name. It is considered that women with this name stand out for being imaginative, passionate about everything related to fantasy, impulsive, impatient and quite capricious. However, they also need to feel protected and stand out for being very extroverted.