Constructivism pays attention to the expression of volume and planes.
Constructivism is the name of several currents that have emerged in art , psychology , philosophy , pedagogy and social sciences in general.
In the artistic field, constructivism is an avant-garde movement that is interested in the way in which plans are organized and the expression of volume using materials typical of the industry. The movement was born in Russia around 1914 and strengthened after the Bolshevik Revolution .
Constructivism and art
Abstract cubism is closely related to this artistic movement that had many different followers around the world, although especially in Russia and Holland . Among all those we should highlight, for example, the figure of Theo van Doesburg who was the creator of the Abstraction-Création group and who has various works that can be admired today in the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum in Madrid .
Likewise, Joaquín Torres García could also be cited among the main constructivist artists, who is considered the best and most prominent Uruguayan artist of the entire 20th century . The museum that bears his name and is located in Montevideo is one of the ideal spaces to learn about his work.
The idea of constructivism is used in the field of psychology.
The concept in psychology
In psychology , constructivism is based on the postulates of Jean Piaget . This psychologist pointed out that the development of intelligence skills is driven by the person themselves through their interactions with the environment.
In addition to this aforementioned author, we must also highlight the relevant role played by others within this branch of constructivism, such as Lev Vygotsky . In his case, the main idea that emanates from his theories and approaches is that the human being and specifically his development can only be explained from the point of view of social interaction .
Epistemological constructivism
For philosophy and epistemology , constructivism (also called epistemological constructivism ) is a current that began to develop in the middle of the 20th century . According to this tendency, reality is a construction created by the one who observes it.
Edgar Morin, Humberto Maturana, Gregory Bateson, Ernst von Glasersfeld o Paul Watzlawick son algunos de los filósofos que también dejaron su huella palpable dentro del constructivismo, la corriente de pensamiento que revolucionó el siglo pasado.
The latter, for example, has gone down in history as the creator of the Watzlawick Axioms , of which there are five: it is impossible not to communicate; communication is metacommunication; a relationship depends on communication sequences; human communication can be analog or digital; and communication exchanges are complementary or symmetrical.
The notion in pedagogy and mathematics
Pedagogy also calls constructivism the current that affirms that knowledge of all things arises from the intellectual activity of the subject, who reaches its development according to the interaction he or she engages in with his or her environment.
Finally, we can mention that constructivism in mathematics requires, to prove the existence of a mathematical concept, that it can be "constructed" . The opposite tendency is known as mathematical platonism and is based on the fact that mathematical objects are timeless and abstract realities, but not mental creations of people who dedicate themselves to the work of mathematics.