With etymological origin in the Latin concertatio , concertation is the process and consequence of agreeing (agreeing, agreeing, stipulating). The concept is frequently used in the field of politics to name a coalition or alliance of parties .
In Chile , between 1988 and 2013 there was the Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia , born as Concertación de Parties por el No and popularly known as Concertación . This coalition composed of center, center-left and left parties governed for two decades ( 1990 – 2010 ).
The emergence of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy arose from the fight against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet . In 1988 there was a plebiscite to determine whether Pinochet should remain in power and the “no” vote, promoted by the Concertación , prevailed.
The National Concertation Party , on the other hand, is a political force of El Salvador , founded in 1961 as the National Conciliation Party . It is a conservative party that governed the nation between 1962 and 1979 .
Since 2007 , Ecuador has had the Concertación Movement , which was previously called the National Democratic Concertation . Its headquarters are in Quito , the national capital .
The idea of concertation also appears in Peru as a parliamentary group: Concertación Parlamentaria . This bloc is made up of congressmen who belong to the Peruvian Aprista Party and independent leaders.
A price agreement , finally, is an agreement established by two or more companies to prevent the normal functioning of the free market. This practice is usually punishable by law, since it benefits the businesses involved but harms the final consumer by depriving them of the normal evolution of market prices.
In the words of Sergio Salinas , who works as a professor at the School of Public Management belonging to the Universidad del Pacífico, in Peru, the concept of price coordination can be defined as a practice that has the objective of generating extraordinary income for people. involved through a distortion of the expected functioning of the market in which they operate, all of this to the clear detriment of consumers.
Through this tactic, which consists of fixing the prices of certain products between two or more stores that should compete legitimately with the ultimate objective of satisfying customers, it is possible to carry out a practice similar to monopoly , although in this In this case, the risks and resources are divided between two or more companies. It is important to note that one of the measures taken by the businesses involved is to restrict the production of the products, something that also affects those who do not participate in the crime.
Although price fixing is a reprehensible act from any point of view, it becomes even more difficult to understand when it is put into practice among pharmacy owners, one of the areas in which it occurs most often. In this case, injured consumers must pay more money than legally established to access products they need to take care of their health.
Justice pursues and sanctions companies that commit this crime, and the fines are usually in the millions. Furthermore, one of the most serious punishments is the exposure they suffer when the media makes all information available to the public, along with emails and internal documents in which criminals clearly mention price manipulation . .
Other markets that tend to be involved in price negotiations are banking, brewing and insurance, although the authorities must monitor all of them, especially those that generate massive consumption and do not yet have many signatures. important to represent them.