Zoology is the science dedicated to the study of animals.
Zoology is the science dedicated to the study of animals . Its experts, called zoologists , are responsible for the biological taxonomy of all animal species (both extant and extinct).
If we had to establish the etymological origin of the term, we would have to determine that it comes from Greek and specifically from the sum of two words from that language. Thus, it is the result of the sum of zoon , which can be translated as "living animal" , and logos , which is equivalent to "study of" .
Taking all this into account, we also have to emphasize that the term as such was coined in the 17th century . More precisely, it was the naturalist Johann Sperling who established it in one of his best-known works, which would not be published until after his death: "Zoologia Physica" .
Zoology throughout history
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) is considered the first zoologist in history to create taxonomy . Charles Darwin (1809-1882) also made very important contributions to zoology with his theory of the evolution of species.
However, throughout history there have been other equally important figures who have left their deep marks in the field of zoology. Among those we could highlight, for example, the French naturalist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). And he was the first of the professionals in his sector to carry out a classification of everything in the animal kingdom.
A classification that was divided into four large animal groups: mollusks , radiates , vertebrates and articulates . The key he used to establish this differentiation was the position that certain vital organs had in their bodies, such as the heart.
Zoology carries out various actions to increase its knowledge about animal species.
The specialties
It should be noted that there are various specialties linked to zoology. Zoogeography is responsible for studying the relationships between animals, their environment and geographical distribution. There are zoologists who work as museologists and who contribute to the conservation and description of zoological collections.
Paleozoology , on the other hand, is the division of paleontology that studies animal fossils. Those who prevent, diagnose and cure animal diseases, on the other hand, are veterinarians .
The set of techniques that seek to use animals for the benefit of man is known as zootechnics . These specialists study the reproduction of animals and the production of their derivatives (such as milk or eggs) taking into account animal welfare and the possibility of optimizing the performance of commercial farms.
Zoology and zoos
Zoos , finally, are facilities where animals are confined and exposed to the public for educational and leisure purposes. These institutions may also be dedicated to curing sick animals and conserving endangered species . Some organizations, however, question zoos for ethical reasons, as they believe that animals that could live freely in their natural habitat should not be imprisoned.
Among the most important zoos in the world we would have to highlight, for example, the one in Berlin , which has one of the largest collections of exotic animals. However, San Diego and Singapore also have international fame.