The emperor of Russia was known as tsar.
From the Russian tsar and originating in the Latin caesar (for Julius Caesar ), tsar is the title given to the emperor of Russia and the sovereign of Bulgaria and Serbia . Its feminine form is tsarina . It is important to note that this noble title does not imply an imperial rank, but is the equivalent of the Slavic word krol ( "king" ).
In addition to tsarina, other terms linked to tsar are tsarevich (the heir to the throne), zesarevna (the tsarevich's wife) and zarevna (the tsar's daughter or granddaughter).
The type of government developed by the tsars was called tsarism . The tsar was autocrat and exercised both political power and economic power. He also considered himself protector of the Russian Orthodox Church , which implies that he also had religious power.
The Tsar of Russia
Ivan IV (or Ivan the Terrible ) was the first Russian monarch to adopt the title of tsar in 1547 . Beginning with Peter I ( 1721 ), the title of emperor began to be officially used, although the form of tsar remained popular.
One of the most important figures of the Romanov dynasty was he, who ruled his country from 1682 to 1725. He has gone down in history for having been one of the main "culprits" of Russia becoming a great power through world-class and all thanks to a broad and forceful modernization process.
The last Russian tsar was Nicholas II , who abdicated in 1917 and ended the Romanov dynasty following the Bolshevik Revolution. This tsar embarked on a war with Japan , led Russia in World War I , and contributed to the popularity of Rasputin .
Samuel was tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire.
The assassination of Nicholas II
After his abdication, the tsar and his family were also arrested and spent the rest of their days locked up in various places until July 16, 1918, when they were executed by a group of Bolsheviks. These murderers anticipated Trotsky's existing plans to take the tsar to Moscow to hold a public trial.
This multiple murder was the origin of a multitude of legends and rumors not only about how it occurred but also about whether some of the family members were able to survive it and start a new life under another new identity. And in 1991, after having been discovered a decade ago, a tomb was opened in the Koptiakí forest. In it, after carrying out the analysis of the nine bodies found, it was possible to affirm that the remains of the tsar and several members of his family were found.
However, the bodies of his son Alexis and Grand Duchess Anastasia were not found in that place. That sparked a lot of rumors but in 2007 it seems that the remains of both were found.
Tsar in a metaphorical sense
Currently, the concept of tsar is used symbolically or metaphorically to refer to people who have great power in a certain social sector.
For example: "Bill Gates is the czar of operating systems" , "Carlos Slim continues to increase his fortune and strengthen his position as the czar of Mexican telecommunications" .