An instruction manual is a functional text.
The idea of text comes from the Latin word textus , which refers to a "plot" . The term can be used to name written or oral statements that form a coherent whole.
The adjective functional , on the other hand, refers to that which is linked to a function (a task, a capacity or a representation, depending on the context). Something functional is effective or responds to the usefulness of its use.
Functional text , in this framework, is called content that aims to promote a reaction or behavior of the recipient based on the transmission of certain information . That is why it is said that the functional text specifically resorts to the appellative function of language.
Characteristics of a functional text
Functional text is focused on the recipient since it encourages them to carry out a certain action. To achieve your objective , your message has to be clear and direct, avoiding ambiguity and complexity.
Typically, functional text is presented as a guide . By offering instructions or recommendations, it facilitates the completion of a task, teaches about a topic, or serves as a source of reference.
A functional text can take different forms or be developed in different styles . Advertising, technical or journalistic material, to mention a few possibilities, can be functional.
Functional texts serve as a guide and promote an action or behavior of the recipient.
Some examples
Take the case of the instruction manual for a cell phone or mobile phone . Throughout its pages, it explains how to start the device, configure it, charge its battery , etc. Therefore, it can be said that this instruction manual is a functional text: whoever reads it acquires knowledge to operate the telephone, with which they begin to act according to what they have learned.
A book with cooking recipes can also be considered a functional text. The recipes present step by step how gastronomic preparations should be made, telling the reader what to do.
If we consider a journalistic article that informs how to complete a procedure before a State agency, said article can be classified as a functional text. The author of the note points out what citizens have to do to carry out the procedure in question successfully.
Practicality of a functional text
The key to a functional text is that it is practical or useful . The intended behavior of the receiver can only be achieved if the content delivered is appropriate.
Returning to the examples mentioned above, if the instruction manual does not include basic data it will not be able to fulfill its function. The same will happen if the book with cooking recipes does not detail the ingredients of each one, or if the journalistic article omits essential steps to carry out the procedure.
It is important to keep in mind that functional text does not have an aesthetic purpose. Content can be written beautifully, with a very rich vocabulary , but if it lacks practicality, it will not be functional.
Therefore, it can be argued that a functional text acquires and maintains this qualification only when its language is appropriate for its purpose. If the author delights in his use of language but does not get the reaction of the recipient, he will not be able to construct a functional text.