Telophase is a phase of cellular reproduction.
To understand the meaning of the concept of telophase , it is essential to know what the notion of mitosis refers to. This term is linked to the segmentation of a cell , which is carried out after its genetic material has been duplicated. Mitosis, in this way, makes it possible for each cell derived from this process to have all of the chromosomes.
Meiosis is another of the central concepts when talking about telophase, and it is another mode of cellular reproduction . In this case, the process takes place in the sex glands, where gametes are produced. In short, it involves two successive divisions of a diploid cell (has two sets of chromosomes), to produce four haploid cells (has only one set of chromosomes).
Cell multiplication
It is important to remember that the chromosome is a structure with a very complex organization, consisting of proteins and DNA , whose main function is the storage of most of the genetic data of a living being. Throughout the processes of cell division, mitosis and meiosis, it acquires its most characteristic shape: bodies with an "X" appearance, whose particular outline is due to the level of duplication and compaction.
Thanks to mitosis, therefore, the cells of the organism multiply and the hereditary information present in the DNA is distributed equally, since the cells generated by mitosis are identical in terms of genetics.
Telophase is the last stage of mitosis.
Telophase, a phase of mitosis
Mitosis takes place in four phases. The first is called prophase , the second is called metaphase , the third is called anaphase and finally, the fourth phase of mitosis is telophase .
It is often said that telophase is the stage that involves the reversal of the processes developed in previous instances. The consequence of this last part of the process is that two daughter cells are obtained, characterized by having the same set of chromosomes and cytoplasm.
By cytoplasm we understand the portion of the protoplasm (the living cellular material; in other words, the internal part of a cell) that is between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, whenever we talk about a eukaryotic cell (also called eukaryote , they are all those which have a nucleus delimited by a porous layer called the nuclear envelope , where their genetic information is mainly stored).
division of chromosomes
In telophase, the chromosomes are already divided into two sets of chromatids, located at the ends of the cell. As DNA unwinds, it once again takes on the appearance of chromatin threads. Other changes that occur during telophase are that the mitotic spindle disappears and a nuclear membrane forms around each of the groups .
The mitotic spindle is also known as meiotic or achromatic , and is the group of microtubules that arise from centrioles (cylinder-shaped organelles that constitute the cytoskeleton, a network of proteins that has several functions, such as organizing the internal structures of the cell. ) throughout the processes in which the cell divides (during mitosis it is called mitotic , while in meiosis it is called meiotic or achromatic ).
The concept of chromatid refers to the pair of longitudinal units of the chromosome that has gone through the duplication process. Each of them joins the other through the centromere , a primary constriction that serves for the interactions that the chromosome carries out from prophase to anaphase with the mitotic spindle, during meiosis and mitosis, and for the regulation of the movements that occur in these phases. Another name for the chromatids, which are found on each side of the centromere, is "arms."