In chemistry, synthesis is the process that allows obtaining a compound from other simpler substances.
The concept of synthesis has its origins in the Latin synthesis and, it is said, its most remote roots are found in a Greek word. The term refers to the presentation of a whole thanks to the highlighting of its most interesting or outstanding parts .
In other words, it can be said that synthesis is the formation of something complete from the elements that have been removed during a previous procedure . A thesis is understood as a judgment or statement; Its contrary or opposite expression is identified with the name of antithesis . The synthesis is that proposition that manages to gather and combine these previous judgments.
The synthesis and summary
The notion of synthesis is also used in a similar way to summary , since it can be the compilation of a text or another piece.
The synthesis of literary material, for example, expresses its main ideas. The summary, on the other hand, is the reduced and abbreviated presentation of all the contents : "I have to present a summary of my book to the publisher."
Chemical synthesis is carried out in various phases.
The concept in chemistry
Chemical synthesis , on the other hand, is one that is based on a procedure carried out to obtain a compound from other simpler substances. Its objective is to produce new substances from already known ones.
The planned development of molecules through chemical reactions is called organic synthesis . This field of action is common in the production of foods, medicines and dyes.
Biosynthesis , for its part, is a notion that is used synonymously with anabolism , the part of the metabolism that is responsible for synthesizing complex organic molecules based on simpler ones. This process requires energy .
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis , likewise, is the anabolic process that arises from the formation of proteins; That is, the process by which, starting from the 12 existing amino acids, new proteins are formed. It is carried out in ribosomes , a macromolecular complex found in the cell cytoplasm.
Synthesis occurs when amino acids are transported through messenger RNA , the ribonucleic acid that contains the genetic information and determines in what order these amino acids will join and form new proteins . Once this synthesis is completed, the RNA is released and can be used again in a new process.
The different phases
In any case, this synthesis is not so simple; It is made up of a series of phases that, developed normally, allow the normal functioning of the organism in which they are carried out.
Activation of amino acids : In it the amino acids bind to the corresponding RNA and release the enzyme that must act in the following phases;
Translation of amino acids : It is the first phase of the synthesis itself, which in turn is composed of various stages, which are known as initiation, elongation and completion of protein synthesis ;
Association of polypeptide chains : In this last phase, after the synthesis, the related chains are associated and the synthesis process is started again.
Finally, we can clarify that proteins are essential for sending information through cells , transforming the structure of certain organic complements and also for storing substances. In the case of synthesis, the activation of certain enzymes (proteins with a biological function) favors metabolic reactions and enables the normal functioning of cellular exchange in a living organism.