Human reproduction requires a sexual relationship so that there are chances of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
Human reproduction is achieved through a complex process, whether natural or scientific, that aims to create life.
To know in detail and precisely how each human being arises, it is essential to be clear, first of all, how both the female and male reproductive systems are formed. We must also pay attention to each stage involved in the reproductive phenomenon and also find out what methods are available to men and women if they want to avoid pregnancy . As there are a large number of people in the world who carry a diagnosis of infertility on their backs, it is encouraging and necessary to also know the advances in science, since there are multiple treatments and alternatives that are aimed at fulfilling the desire of those who want to live. the experience of motherhood or fatherhood without resorting to adoption . Of course, to obtain comprehensive education and advice regarding human reproduction , it is advisable to focus, even, on ethical and legal issues related to the generation of life .
Stages of human reproduction
The stages of human reproduction are several. Each phase of this process is only possible when dealing with people of reproductive age. Women's times to procreate are shorter compared to those of men, whose fertile cycle begins at puberty and can extend beyond six decades of existence.
Intercourse , as defined as the action of inserting the penis into the vagina , is the first step. In this context, when ejaculation occurs (that is, the expulsion of semen ) there is a chance of fertilization if a sperm reaches the fallopian tubes , finds an egg and fertilizes it, giving rise to a zygote (a cell that is achieved if by During sexual reproduction, the male gamete unites with the female gamete. If that happens, as an embryo it will move to the uterus and, if everything continues its normal course, it will adhere to the endometrium (the name given to the inner layer or lining of the uterus ). From then on, the development of the placenta will begin, which will allow the human being in formation to be nourished and receive oxygen.
Pregnancy is segmented into three periods: the first trimester , the second trimester and the third trimester .
On Argentine soil, the Law on Access to Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy (IVE) has existed for a few seasons now. Each woman, in this framework, has the right to make, or not, the decision to interrupt the gestational process . The contemplated period ends in the fourteenth week of pregnancy , but after that period there are exceptions to have access to said interruption. On many occasions, unfortunately, even if it is a loved and long-awaited baby, the pregnancy is lost naturally before reaching the 20th week . This spontaneous abortion usually leaves a painful and indelible mark on the pregnant woman who wanted and looked forward to the birth of that child.
Childbirth , which can be normal or natural (and encompass in that context the stages of dilation , expulsion and delivery ) or by cesarean section (through surgical intervention). In the first case noted, labor takes place when the fetus , driven by uterine contractions , descends through the cervix (also known as the cervix ) and conquers the birth canal to finally emerge into the outside world.
Family planning is used to decide, responsibly and freely, when to have a pregnancy and how many offspring to expect.
Contraceptive methods
There are contraceptive methods for both women and men. Sexual education from an early age is essential for every human being to access information tools that allow them to live their sexuality consciously. It is important to have both reproductive and sexual health with freedom, rights and respect, as well as resources to know and be able to protect yourself from sexually transmitted diseases or apply pregnancy prevention measures. When it comes to wanting to conceive, health professionals guide people of different ages in relation to family planning , in order to accompany and advise them in the responsible search for a pregnancy, always taking into account how many descendants one is willing to have.
While the female gender has multiple options available ( vaginal ring , contraceptive patch , birth control pill , IUD , hormonal implant and tubal ligation ), men find fewer contraceptive methods available to them: spermicide , condom and vasectomy .
The prophylactic, condom or condom is a method that men use to protect themselves from certain diseases when having a sexual relationship and minimize the chances of pregnancy.
Fertility treatments
There are fertility treatments that give hope to those who, after trying for at least a year, cannot conceive a child naturally. Before delving into this topic, it is worth clarifying two concepts linked to impediments to achieving pregnancy and giving life that are often indicated as synonyms although they are not.
On the one hand, sterility is understood as the impossibility of achieving conception, after a reasonable time of having sexual relations without protective measures, as a consequence of some inconvenience of the reproductive system, whether male or female. Infertility , meanwhile, refers to not being able to conceive, that is, to conclude the pregnancy with the birth of a baby in good health since implantation does not occur or there is an abortion .
By analyzing each particular case, it is possible to try a scientific solution to fulfill the dream of expanding a family. In certain situations, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is recommended, while in others the focus is on the assisted reproduction technique known as artificial insemination .
When a woman carries a fetus in her womb that has arisen from an egg that is not hers so that someone who cannot put her body into it becomes a father or mother , then we speak of the method of surrogacy, surrogate motherhood . or surrogacy .
It is also interesting to know that, to selflessly collaborate with people who long to have a natural heir, there are those who contribute by accepting egg donation or, in the case of the male gender, sperm donation .