The term that concerns us now is made up of two words of different etymological origin. Thus, planet, first of all, comes from the Greek noun "planetes", which can be translated as "wanderer" or "wanderer". Dwarf, secondly, comes from the Latin “nanus”.
A planet is a celestial body that lacks its own light. Planets revolve around stars , developing elliptical orbits.
In 2006 , the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) created a specific classification for certain planets, called dwarf planets . A dwarf planet is a celestial body that orbits the Sun , it is not a satellite, its shape is determined by hydrostatic balance and it does not clear the vicinity of its orbit.
Although the IAU did not set minimum or maximum values for the size and mass of dwarf planets, it is considered that a dwarf planet has the necessary mass for its gravity to exert control over the forces present as a rigid body. The hydrostatic balance, in this framework, makes it have a rounded shape.
Traditional planets, on the other hand, manage to "sweep" their orbit, while dwarf planets share space with other similar objects, without dominating their region. This means that classical planets manage to eliminate smaller bodies through interference in their orbit or collisions, unlike dwarf planets.
This particularity caused Pluto , in 2006 , to lose its status and be recategorized as a dwarf planet. The then asteroid Ceres , on the other hand, increased its category and was considered a dwarf planet.
Eris, Haumea y makemake completan el listado actual de los planetas enanos. De esta manera, hay cinco cuerpos celestes que la UAI reconoce hoy con esta denomination.
Likewise, we cannot ignore that in 2019 the discovery of the smallest dwarf planet was carried out. In this way, it replaced Ceres, which was found in 1801 and which had been considered the smallest until that moment.
We are referring to Hygía, which has a spherical shape and has a diameter that is around 430 kilometers. It is precisely considered that its appearance is due to a serious impact it experienced about 2 million years ago.
This dwarf planet must be stated that it was found thanks to the use of the instrument known as Sphere of the Very Large Telescope.
It is important to keep in mind, however, that there are several celestial bodies that are mentioned as potential dwarf planets and that could be added to the list . Among them are Orcus , Sedna , Varuna , Quaoar and Ixion .
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