A formal language uses primitive symbols, combining them according to specific rules.
Language is a term that comes from the Occitan language . The dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy ( RAE ) recognizes several meanings of the concept: in this case, we are interested in its meaning as a code composed of signs .
Codes , in turn, are systems or sets of signs and norms. The adjective formal , meanwhile, can refer to that which uses symbols that are defined and established in a specific system.
Taking these issues into account, we can move forward with the definition of formal language . This is the name given to a language that uses primitive symbols , which are combined according to specific and formally established rules .
Characteristics of a formal language
It can be said that a formal language is based on clear and strict rules , without ambiguity. Its creation obeys a specific objective.
In a formal language, primitive symbols form an alphabet that is governed by a syntax (the rules that constitute the formal grammar of the language in question). When symbols are joined together into a string according to the rules of syntax, what is known as a well-formed formula is created.
These well-formed formulas, in short, make up the content of formal language. If it is possible to apply transformation rules , the formal language is also classified as deductive (it is used to make calculations and perform demonstrations ).
How chains are formed
The distinctive property of a formal language is its symbols and formulas that are defined without needing to be interpreted. Therefore, it is not necessary to assign meanings to these elements. This particularity implies that a formal language is equivalent to all of its well-formed formulas.
Symbol strings are produced in different ways. They can be generated following the guidelines of formal grammar or be described by a rational or regular expression .
In the doctor-patient relationship, formal language is usually used.
Formal language in everyday life
It is important to indicate that formal language is also called the mode of expression that people use when they do not have emotional closeness with the interlocutor . This language is often used in specific areas (when talking to a superior in the work environment or communicating with a doctor, for example).
In this framework, it is understood that language is a way of expressing oneself. The formal, on the other hand, is associated with formality (composure or seriousness ).
This formal language is rigid, avoids fillers and does not use vulgar terms. The individual, by choosing to communicate in this way, leaves aside his usual vocabulary .
Examples of use
Suppose a worker wants to obtain a salary increase. With this objective , he requests a meeting with his boss and tells him: “As you know, I am a responsible employee who works with commitment and care. Therefore, I would like you to consider the possibility of applying an increase to my remuneration, since I consider that my work is useful for the company; Therefore, if possible, I believe that I deserve recognition that will help me improve my economic situation.”
Take the case of a doctor who communicates a diagnosis to a patient. The professional uses formal language and informs you: “The pain you feel in your throat is due to inflammation of the tonsils, caused by a possibly viral infection. “I will give you an antibiotic that you must take according to the instructions that I will detail in the prescription.”