We owe Isaac Newton, among other knowledge, the law of universal gravitation and Newton's laws .
Isaac Newton is one of the most influential and esteemed scientists of all time.
His arrival into the world occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar, in 1643 (specifically on January 4) in a town belonging to the English county of Lincolnshire . His death, meanwhile, took place at the end of March 1727 in London .
Throughout his existence, this talented Briton demonstrated his abilities as a mathematician, physicist, inventor, alchemist and theologian. From the hand of this man who laid the pillars of classical mechanics and left works such as the so-called "Principia Mathematica (Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica)" , the Scientific Revolution was consolidated with important contributions that have crossed eras and borders.
Academic preparation of Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was an expert in Physics and Mathematics , an alchemy enthusiast and interested in religious issues who did not have a solid family structure. This descendant of Hannah Ayscough and Isaac Newton was born months after his father's death. His mother, upon marrying Barnabas Smith , decided to leave the upbringing of little Isaac under the responsibility of his grandparents, who, as has been said, did not accompany him or educate him out of affection. Despite this complex context, Newton managed to access optimal academic preparation and take advantage of every learning opportunity.
His educational career ranges from a time at The King's School , where he studied Latin, arithmetic, geometry and Greek, to entering the University of Cambridge , an entity that seduced him with its library. It is constructive to note that, at that point, Isaac was already an experienced inventor who preferred to add knowledge in a self-taught way. Thanks to lessons from Isaac Barrow (mentor) , who graduated from Trinity College, he progressed in Mathematics .
After a temporary departure from the university environment as a precaution against the dangers posed at the time by the bubonic plague, Newton returned in 1667 to study at Cambridge . By that time he had already invested time in the binomial theorem , prepared a material titled in Spanish "Method of fluxions and infinite series" and researched universal gravitation . He also investigated topics of optics and the particularities of light .
Newton, in the law of inertia, maintains that bodies, by themselves, do not transform their uniform motion or state of rest but rather need a force exerted on them to achieve this.
Laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are based on three principles. The first of them is the law of inertia , key to providing clarity around the inertial reference system . Its content indicates a link of equivalence between a uniform rectilinear movement and the state of rest .
The second of these postulates, focused on mass , force and acceleration , is considered a fundamental law of dynamics . From it are born the units of Newton (N) , which are used in the field of Physics to measure force with the support of the International System of Units .
The third of these laws, finally, deals with action and reaction . In this sense, it is indicated that whenever a certain force is exerted on another element, it will show the same reaction but in an inverse manner.
Positions, roles and honors of Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton held multiple positions , roles and honors . Reviewing his professional experiences, his time at the Royal Society (which once had him as president) comes to light, for example.
Nor can his influence on the economy (as master of the Mint) or his activity as a Lucasian professor be overlooked. Queen Anne of Great Britain , many years after Isaac 's passage through Parliament , honored him with the title of Sir .
His figure reached such magnitude that, in his honor, an asteroid ( 8000 , belonging to the Eos family) has been named after him; A deep crater located on the visible side of the Moon has been identified as Newton , a surname that also inspired the name of a mountain located in the Svalbard archipelago ( Norway ).
Isaac Newton experimented with light by using a ray of sunlight in a dark environment passing through a prism. The result was obtaining the light spectrum made up of the tones of the rainbow.
Experiments, discoveries and inventions
Isaac Newton made numerous experiments, discoveries and inventions . With the intention of testing his theory about the composition of white light (whose colors, this scientist said, could be decomposed by using an optical prism ), he devised, for example, a reflecting telescope . In this framework, we must highlight the emergence of Newton's disk , as it is known as a circle segmented into seven colors (the shades of the rainbow : green, yellow, orange, red, violet, indigo and blue) that, when rotating at great speed, speed, they form the target.
He is even credited with the manufacture of different wooden elements, the reproduction of a windmill , the development of sundials and the creation of a vehicle with two pairs of wheels that was propelled with a crank driven from the inside of the wheel. car. He also showed interest in the study of comets and analyzed the strength of a storm , to provide more data about his exploits and legacy.