Immunization can be achieved through vaccination.
Immunization is the action and effect of immunizing . This verb , for its part, refers to making immune (making someone or something not attackable by diseases or scourges). He or she who receives an immunization, therefore, is free from certain problems, disorders, illnesses, etc.
For example: "Before traveling, you must apply three vaccines that will give you immunization against yellow fever" , "Immunization is achieved from the supply of antibodies that act in the body" , "With this antivirus, your computer will enjoy immunization." before the main Trojans .
You have to go to Latin to be able to find the etymological origin of the term that concerns us now. Specifically, it emanates from the word immunis , which can be translated as "without performing service."
Types of immunization
It is important to note that immunity can be natural or artificial . The notion of immunization usually refers to the artificial process that allows immunity to be achieved against a certain disease .
Passive immunization is achieved from antibodies that are generated in another person's body and then transmitted in some way. This is the case of infants who acquire antibodies transferred from their mother through the placenta.
Active immunization , on the other hand, consists of the application of vaccines that promote an immune response of the body to certain pathogens. The intention is to achieve the development of an immune memory that allows the formation of protective antibodies against the antigen in question.
Importance in human beings
The immunization of human beings is so important, in order to avoid diseases of various types, that in countries like Chile there is what is called the National Immunization Program . This initiative has existed since 1978 and, among other things, seeks to significantly reduce infant mortality. Thus, for example, thanks to it, smallpox, measles and polio have already been eradicated.
Given the value of immunization, the last week of April is celebrated as World Immunization Week . The goal is to encourage and promote the use of vaccines to protect people from certain pathologies. In 2014, to mention one case, it was developed under the motto "Are you up to date?" .
In computing, immunization is associated with the protection of a computer against viruses and other threats.
Immunization in economics and computing
Within the field of economics, the term immunization is also used, but with another meaning. Exactly, in that sector it is used to refer to the process of reducing, and even eliminating if possible, the risk of an interest rate that affects a specific bond portfolio . In this way, what we try to avoid is that this, and more specifically the value of its securities, could be affected by the evolution of these interest rates.
The concept of immunization can also be found in the field of computing in reference to those tools that protect a computer ( computer ) against viruses and other threats. The immunized computer has defenses against specific attacks, although these defenses must be updated periodically as threats mutate and update.