Resistance to a pathogenic action is called immunity.
Immunity is a concept that comes from the Latin word immunĭtas and that mentions the quality of immunity (that it is not attackable by certain diseases or that it is exempt from certain charges and penalties).
For biology and medicine , immunity is a state of resistance that certain individuals or species have against the pathogenic action of microorganisms or foreign substances. This state can be natural or acquired.
Immunity in the body
The immune system , also known as the immune system or immune system , is the set of biological structures and processes of an organism that provides protection against diseases, since it manages to identify and eliminate pathogenic cells. This immunity is achieved thanks to the action of lymphocytes, leukocytes, antibodies and other components.
When a disorder occurs in a person's immune system, therefore, they can become ill. If the immune system is less active than normal, it is called immunodeficiency, a condition that can be caused by infections such as AIDS .
In the medical field, the term humoral immunity is also used. With it, what it tries to do is refer to the most important defense mechanism that the body has with respect to toxins , microorganisms and bacteria of various kinds.
The term in law
Within the scope of law, we would have to say that there is also what is known as immunity from jurisdiction . It is a term, which has its origin at the beginning of the 19th century, with which a right and a duty are established.
In the first case, it determines the right of any state not to be subjected to trial by other foreigners. In the second case, it makes clear the duty of states in general not to subject other foreigners to legal action.
Parliamentary immunity is a privilege of senators and deputies, who cannot be arrested or imprisoned without the authorization of the co-legislating body.
Diplomatic and parliamentary immunity
Diplomatic immunity , on the other hand, is a benefit that a diplomat enjoys in the country where he carries out his official position and that allows him not to be subject to the civil and criminal jurisdiction of local courts. This immunity is justified in the representation of a different sovereignty carried out by the diplomat.
Parliamentary immunity or parliamentary jurisdiction , likewise, is the privilege of deputies and senators, who cannot be arrested, imprisoned, prosecuted or tried without the authorization of the respective co-legislative body.
The case of the king of Spain
It is also important to establish that the monarchs of different countries also usually have immunity. In the case of Spain, for example, the 1978 Constitution makes it clear that the king is absolutely immune. Specifically, the specific articles of the Magna Carta establish that he is the only citizen of the country who enjoys inviolability and immunity from justice.
This situation of the Spanish king has raised various controversies in the State when the monarch was Juan Carlos I, especially as a result of the accusation of his son-in-law (Iñaki Urdangarín) and his daughter (Infanta Cristina) in an alleged tax crime as well as rumors that he could have allegedly known the acts they were carrying out.