The application of a magnetic field on an object is called magnetization.
Coming from the French word aimamtation , the term magnetization is used to describe the act and result of magnetizing . This verb , for its part, serves to highlight the magnetic particularity of a body. That is why magnetization and magnetization are concepts that are accepted as synonyms.
Magnetization usually occurs when a magnetic field is applied to an element . Magnetic field is understood as the area or sector of the surface where an electric charge, when moving at a certain speed, supports the consequences of a force that can be considered both proportional and perpendicular to the speed and the magnetic field .
In some materials, magnetization is already achieved even in the absence of an external magnetic field. That is the case of ferromagnetic materials, such as iron , nickel , cobalt , magnetite , gadolinium and dysprosium . Magnetization can be positive (strengthens the magnetic field inside the body) or negative (the field weakens inside the material).
Magnetization calculation
When proceeding to calculate the magnetization, we must resort to three fundamental components because they will be the ones that give us the results we expect. Specifically, we will have to make use of the magnetic dipole moments that refer to the bound charges, to the average of what is the microscopic magnetic field and finally to what is known as magnetic excitation.
Specifically, this last aspect mentioned, which is scientifically represented by an H , refers to the set of magnetic poles and also free currents.
Magnetization can be used as a synonym for magnetization.
magnetism
Magnetism is the physical phenomenon that causes certain elements to exert attractions or repulsions on other products or surfaces. When materials have magnetic properties that are easy to detect, as is the case with the aforementioned iron, nickel and cobalt, they are known as magnets . It is important to keep in mind, however, that all materials receive a certain degree of influence in the presence of a magnetic field, although said influence has more or less impact depending on the case.
In short, a distinction can be made between permanent magnets (which maintain their magnetism despite the absence of an external magnetic field) and temporary magnets (which only have magnetization when they are located in a magnetic field).
How magnetization is achieved
It is important to emphasize, in addition to everything stated up to this point, that there are three fundamental methods to achieve this magnetization:
Induction : This system consists of placing small steel or iron bars in a place close to where a high-power magnet is located.
Rubbing : This process is also known as direct contact magnetization where what is done is rubbing the ends of the iron or metal element that we want with the poles of the corresponding magnet.
Using electric current : Creating a coil, a key wound on a piece of iron, is the basis of this method because what it will do is become a perfect electromagnet.
However, although these three are the most common systems, there are many others to achieve this magnetization. Thus, another equally relevant one is to achieve it through the continuous rotation of the body in question with which one is working.