In the social sciences, gender is linked to sexuality and the behaviors and values attributed to sex.
Gender is a notion that has a multitude of uses and applications depending on the field in which it is used. Its etymological origin is found in the Latin genus / generis .
In the field of commerce , fabric can be synonymous with merchandise (the product offered for sale), fabric or cloth . For example: "We have no other fabrics to offer" , "We work with silk and linen fabrics in the making of our shirts", "The design is nice, but the quality of the fabric leaves a lot to be desired" .
In the scientific field, gender indicates one of the ways of grouping living beings , according to those characteristics that several of them can share among themselves. For biology , for example, gender is a taxon that allows grouping species. Thus we can say that the dog is an animal that belongs to the Canis genus, which can also include wolves, coyotes and other species. While in sociology and other social sciences, gender is linked to sexuality and to the values and behaviors that are attributed according to sex.
In the arts , meanwhile, genre is a category or classification used to organize works according to their formal characteristics or their content.
The identity
Gender, in the social sciences, is linked to the identity of each person. The male gender and the female gender are constituted by the roles that society assigns to men and women respectively, without being determined by biology.
Gender identity is used to refer to the individual perception of each individual, which may or may not coincide with the sexual characteristics given by anatomy. This means that a human being born male in biological terms can perceive himself as a woman.
This often leads to a conflict with traditional gender roles : due to gender stereotypes, associated with behaviors such as machismo, misogyny or sexism in general, there are those who do not accept that someone who was assigned the male sex at birth because they have testicles and a penis feels like a woman and adopts the behaviors that are "expected" of the female gender.
A person whose gender expression is different from the one assigned is classified as transgender . A transsexual or transvestite person, therefore, is transgender. It should be noted that these concepts have nothing to do directly with the sexual orientation of a man or woman, nor with classifications such as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual or asexual.
The LGBTQ+ movement fights against gender discrimination and toxic masculinity prevailing in a patriarchy.
Literary genres
In the literary world, the term genre is used to differentiate between works with different characteristics. It is important to note, first of all, that the definition of literary genre is related to the rhetorical and semiotic characteristics that make certain texts be placed in the same group.
Although much time has passed, literary discourse is divided into the same three clear genres that Aristotle defined in Classical Greece ( lyric, narrative and dramatic ). Each of them denotes three aesthetic forms in which human beings relate to the world; as other forms of expression have emerged over time that are not so closely linked to this classification, subgenres have been created, which allow for greater clarity in the differences between texts of diverse nature.
A literary genre is a classification that allows us to differentiate between works according to their characteristics.
The lyric
Lyric poetry is the literary genre that most closely relates to emotions, allowing feelings to be expressed almost directly. Poetry is part of this genre and allows the author to reflect his feelings. It is written in verse form and one of its fundamental elements is rhythm .
Some of the subgenres included in lyric poetry are the eclogue (a representation of a rural-type image, where the subject of communication between man and nature is touched upon), the elegy (poems that touch upon the subject of death), the ode (mostly loving praises, sung poetry) and satire (ridicule of certain defects of people, society or religion, for example), among others.
Narrative genre
The narrative genre includes those works where stories are told in prose form and that have a certain characteristic, in terms of who tells the story and how it develops.
In a narrative work there can be several types of narrator . In the third person there may be an omniscient narrator (who has full knowledge of the facts and reasoning of all the characters and does not participate in the story, he simply narrates it) or an observer (he tells what he sees, as if he were a camera capturing the environment and detailing what is happening in a given space). In the first person, meanwhile, he may be the protagonist (in the case of an autobiography , whether real or fictional) or a secondary narrator (he has witnessed the development of events, is a witness to what is narrated in the story and interacts with some or all of the characters in it). In the second person the narrator speaks using the second person singular (he tells the story to himself or to some other part of his personality).
On the other hand, the structure of a narrative text can vary but generally respects the following aspects: presentation or beginning (where the beginning of the story is stated, the characters are described, etc.), development or knot (a clear conflict is presented that must be resolved) and ending or outcome (solution of the conflict and closure of the story).
Some examples of this type are the story (a short narrative that in some cases can leave a lesson), the novel (several stories told through a thread that can keep them together) and the epic narrative (written in verse or prose where a story is told with real characters whose story may or may not be real. Example: Poem of Mío Cid ).
The drama
The third genre, the dramatic genre, is characterized by being a story in which there is no narrator, but rather it has been written to be performed in front of an audience. These works are mainly written in an appellative and expressive form.
Some of the subgenres within drama are comedy (life experiences from a comical perspective and with a happy ending) and tragedy (extremely complicated conflicts between different individuals, where the attempt is to captivate the viewer and provoke feelings of compassion, sadness and understanding).
Genres in cinema
Just as in literature, in cinema films are usually divided into genres such as comedy, action , drama or suspense , which allows viewers to know what the characteristics or style of the proposals will be even before seeing them.
For example, a horror film is expected to shock and frighten the audience with dark images that generate adrenaline and awaken certain instincts in the viewers; when a film that is part of this genre does not achieve these ends, it is said to not be up to the needs of the genre.