In the social sciences, gender is linked to sexuality and the behaviors and values attributed according to sex.
Gender is a notion that has a multiplicity of uses and applications depending on the area in which it is used. Its etymological origin is found in the Latin genus / generis .
In the field of commerce , gender can be synonymous with merchandise (the product offered for sale), fabric or cloth . For example: "We have no more fabrics to offer" , "We work with silk and linen fabrics in the making of our shirts", "The design is beautiful, but the quality of the fabric leaves much to be desired" .
On a scientific level, gender indicates one of the ways in which living beings are grouped , according to those characteristics that several of them can share with each other. For biology , for example, the genus is a taxon that allows species to be grouped. Thus we can say that the dog is an animal that belongs to the genus Canis , which can also include wolves, coyotes and other species. While in sociology and other social sciences, gender is linked to sexuality and the values and behaviors that are attributed according to sex.
In the arts , meanwhile, genre is a category or classification that is used to organize works according to their formal characteristics or their contents.
The identity
Gender, in the social sciences, is linked to the identity of each person. The masculine gender and the feminine gender are constituted from the roles that society assigns to men and women respectively, without being determined by biology.
We speak of gender identity to refer to the individual perception of each individual, which may or may not coincide with the sexual characteristics given by the anatomy. This means that a human being born male in biological terms can perceive himself as a woman.
This usually causes a conflict to arise with traditional gender roles : due to gender stereotypes , associated with behaviors such as machismo, misogyny or sexism in general, there are those who do not accept that someone whose sex was assigned male at birth because he has testicles and a penis, he feels like a woman and adopts the behaviors that are "expected" of the female gender.
Anyone whose gender expression is different from the assigned one is classified as transgender . A transsexual or transvestite person, in this way, is transgender. It must be considered that these concepts do not have directly to do with the sexual orientation of the man or woman or with qualifications such as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual or asexual.
The LGTBQ+ movement fights against gender discrimination and toxic masculinity prevailing in a patriarchy.
literary genres
As far as the literary world is concerned, the term genre serves to differentiate between works of different characteristics. It is important, first of all, to highlight that the definition of literary genre is related to the rhetorical and semiotic characteristics that cause certain texts to be placed in the same group.
Although a lot of time has passed, literary discourse is divided into the same three clear genres that Aristotle defined in Classical Greece ( lyrical, narrative and dramatic ). Each of them denotes three aesthetic ways in which human beings relate to the world; As with the passage of time other forms of expression have emerged that are not so linked to this classification, subgenres have been created, which allow greater clarity to be established in the differences between texts of diverse nature.
A literary genre is a classification that allows us to differentiate between works according to their characteristics.
The lyric
Lyrics are the literary genre that comes closest to emotions, which makes it possible to express feelings almost directly. Poetry is found within this genre and allows the author to reflect his feelings, it is written in verse form and one of its fundamental elements is rhythm .
Some of the subgenres that are included in the lyric are the eclogue (representation of a country-type image, where the theme of communication between man and nature is touched upon), the elegy (poems that touch on the theme of death) , the ode (mostly loving praise, sung poetry) and satire (ridiculing certain defects of people, society or religion, for example), among others.
Narrative genre
The narrative genre includes those works where stories written in prose form are told and that have a specific characteristic, in terms of who tells the story and how it develops.
In a narrative work there can be several types of narrator . In the third person he can be omniscient (he has complete knowledge of the facts and the reasoning of all the characters and does not participate in the story, he simply narrates it) or an observer (he tells what he sees, as if it were a camera that moves capturing the environment and detailing what happens in a given space). In the first person, meanwhile, he can be the protagonist (in the case of an autobiography , whether real or fictitious) or secondary (he has witnessed the development of events, is a witness of what is narrated in the story and interacts with someone. or all the characters in it). In the second person the narrator speaks using the second person singular (he narrates the story to himself or to some other self of his personality).
On the other hand, the structure of a narrative text can vary but generally respects the following aspects: presentation or beginning (where the beginning of the story is stated, the characters are described, etc.), development or middle (a conflict is presented of course it must be resolved) and ending or outcome (resolution of the conflict and closure of the story).
Some examples of this type are the story (a short narrative that in some cases can leave a lesson), the novel (several stories told through a thread that can keep them together) and the epic narrative (written in verse or prose where the narrative is narrated). a story with real characters whose story may or may not be real. Example: Poem by Mío Cid ).
the drama
The third genre, the dramatic , is characterized by being a story where there is no narrator, but rather it has been written to be performed in front of an audience. These works are mainly written in an appellative and expressive form.
Some of the subgenres within drama are comedy (life experiences from a comical vision and with a happy ending) and tragedy (extremely complicated conflicts between different individuals, where the viewer tries to captivate and provoke feelings of compassion, sadness and understanding. ).
Genres in cinema
Just as in literature, in cinema films are usually divided into genres such as comedy, action , drama or suspense , which allows viewers to know what the characteristics or style of the proposals will be even before seeing them.
To give an example, a film in the horror genre is expected to seek to shock and frighten the public with dark images that generate the production of adrenaline and awaken certain instincts in the viewers; When a film that is within this genre does not achieve these goals, it is said that it does not live up to the needs of the genre.