School dropout refers to the abandonment of compulsory formal studies.
Desertion is a term linked to the verb desertar : abandon, leave, move away.
At the educational level , the term is used to talk about those students who abandon their studies for different reasons; Studies being understood as any education that is within the educational system imposed by the government that governs that State (primary, secondary, university, etc.). Those people who stop studying become school dropouts .
school dropout
Depending on the approach with which you wish to analyze school dropout, one or other reasons may be known. From psychology it is considered that it is mainly due to the intelligence of the person and what motivates them; Sociology pays attention to social factors, to the pressures that the individual receives from his environment, according to the qualifications he has achieved. And from pedagogy , emphasis is placed on how education is organized, the evaluation system and the integration of students.
School dropouts are one of the most worrying educational problems, since they are undoubtedly one of the most important causes of the lack of development in many societies.
It is a social phenomenon that is increasingly present in modern communities and although responsibility is attributed to political, economic and family issues; It should be noted that in many cases, it is due to the great decline of the current educational system .
It is important to note that the origin of school dropouts lies in the absolutely recent past, from the implementation of compulsory and generalized education and was worsening with the massive idea of democratizing education.
Causes that lead to leaving studies
As revealed by the studies carried out, the reasons why young people drop out of school can be many, from socioeconomic and family problems to ideological reasons , such as not sharing the ideas of a systematic education. Many of those who expressed this reason explained that They did not drop out of study, but rather from systematic education , continuing their studies self-taught or resorting to different methods such as private education .
One of the factors that most influences school dropout is the lack of support and affection that young people receive in their family environment. According to studies, more than 50% of students who drop out of school are in a very delicate emotional situation with respect to their families. If we take into account that the family is the first school , no matter how much effort is made in the second to ensure that the child learns, is educated, looking to the future with hope and strives to achieve his or her achievements, it will be in vain; because everything that the person receives at home will be what pushes them to become one person or another . School dropout manifests itself as a consequence of the feeling of helplessness and lack of protection.
Other causes of school dropout may be: lack of interest in the child, poor quality of education, poor preparation of teachers , high number of students per classroom and little dedication to each student, among others.
Furthermore, the implementation of grades to decide which student carries out their education better than another is totally contradictory to the foundations of education ( teaching and learning ). Through it, order can be achieved from the administrative point of view, however it can cause frustration , self-destructive feelings, arrogance, and conflicts among those students who are doing well, instead of encouraging them to try harder or seek to strengthen their knowledge.
From educational systematization to desertion
One of the reasons why the systematization of education was sought was social equality , believing that in this way, individuals from all sectors of the same society would have access to the same opportunities; However, this way of approaching education not only did not bring equality, but it brought consequences such as dropout. Education was given a responsibility that was no longer to educate , but to make all people equal; something totally harmful, because in the same class lovers of the arts and staunch mathematicians meet and there is no way to put together the program without lowering the level of one of them to bring them closer to the opposite pole (to concepts and issues that really do not interest them). and that will be forgotten when school ends).
It should be noted that according to pedagogical reductivism , the school must manifest and sustain the way in which the social structure is composed. For this reason, it could never contribute to shortening the existing distances between the rich and the poor, because the school cannot go against the system. It is one more of the elements that make up the ideological apparatus of the State .
On the other hand, one of the fundamental functions of the school is to collaborate with learning that is related to the social and emotional part of the individual ; However, the way in which learning is implemented can work contradictorily to this objective, since students who do not exceed expected expectations repeat and are separated from their group of peers, which can cause significant emotional conflicts , especially because In the new course he will receive the title of "repeater" which will make a greater difference with his new classmates.
In the military, desertion is a crime.
Dereliction of military duty
Another of the most frequent uses of the term is found in the military field , where desertion is the abandonment of duty . This means that a deserter can be a corporal, a colonel or any other member of the armed force. The exception occurs with recruits : when they abandon their tasks, they are not considered deserters, but rather they are included in the category of fugitives (people who escape from a measure by authority or a decision by Justice).
According to military law, the deserter commits a crime that, in some countries and depending on the context, can be punished by execution .
One form of desertion is conscientious objection . In this case, the person refuses to perform military service that is mandatory by law, citing religious or ethical reasons. Those who defend this desertion maintain that it is a right protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its article 18 .
Other uses of the notion of desertion
To finish and return to the definition of the term, we will say that desertion consists of failing to fulfill an obligation or moving away from certain ideals or causes .
Some examples of sentences where the term appears: "I want to remind you, Lieutenant McNein, that desertion is punishable by capital punishment" , "The desertion of two hundred soldiers affected the country's firepower" , "If this continues, desertion "It will be an option chosen by many" , "It is evident that Comrade Koprivski has opted for desertion in the revolutionary struggle" , "It is not a desertion: I only believe that the movement is not heading towards the goal that we had set for ourselves three years ago." » .