Validation is the act and consequence of validating . This verb , in turn, refers to considering something valid (legal, acceptable or consistent). Validation can be the approval, regularization or rectification of something.
For example: "The government sent the project to the Chamber of Deputies for validation" , "Tomorrow I have to go to the university to process the validation of my academic degree" , "The validation of the agreement has not yet occurred" .
Suppose a person completes his secondary education in a country and then emigrates. In his new home, this individual intends to pursue a university degree. To enroll in university, however, you must first have your secondary degree validated . The nation's educational authorities have to ratify that your degree is equivalent to that issued in this country and, therefore, allows you to begin higher education.
In a soccer match, on the other hand, the referee is in charge of validating or canceling the plays in accordance with what is established by the regulations. Let's take the case of a player who takes a shot at the goal (the goal) from a position that, according to the linesman, is illegal for violating the offside law (also known as offside ). The ball ends up entering the goal. The main referee, beyond what was indicated by the linesman, considers that the footballer was not in an advanced position. That is why he makes the decision to validate the goal .
If we focus on the field of Law , we speak of validation to refer to the regularization and/or rectification that occurs in a void contract, so that it becomes effective and valid (that is, it becomes a validated contract ). . This occurs when the person who transfers something is not its owner or does not have power over it at the time of signing the contract, but obtains it some time later.
In other words, the validation of a contract is carried out with the objective of making its contestability disappear , a resource that has been imposed against its resolution. If the law provides that for a contract to become effective it is necessary for certain adjustments to be carried out, such as verification of some of its data or the legal status of its parties, this process also begins, which entails the presentation of a series of documents, among other procedures.
Validation serves to make valid something that until now was not valid, that existed but had not been formalized, and constitutes a legal act , which is carried out by a person with the objective of creating, changing, transferring, maintaining or extinguishing certain rights, whether or not determined by law; Another characteristic of the legal act is that it is carried out voluntarily and has effects on third parties.
To better understand the concept of validation, it is necessary to talk about nullity . The Law defines it as a generic situation that renders a judicial, administrative or legal act, or a rule, invalid, and ensures that it no longer displays its legal effects. Nullity requires a declaration, tacit or express, and must coexist with the celebration of the thing that is intended to be annulled.
There are two types of nullity: absolute , such as a purchase and sale contract that is not signed by both parties or someone who marries twice before dissolving their first marriage; the relative , which occurs when minors enter into a contract that requires the age of majority. Depending on each case, the type of annulment affects the possibility of carrying out validation; Broadly speaking, it is possible to validate a flawed act of relative nullity or one of absolute nullity that is considered remediable, according to current law.